Malonic Acid Data
The tables of data for the pure aqueous acid are given below.
aW mfs m np t uncert. ref. weight
0.9031 0.36567 5.540 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8500 0.45648 8.07 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8095 0.51061 10.03 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.7111 0.60351 14.63 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6434 0.66707 19.26 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.5246 0.74560 28.16 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.3564 0.88027 70.67 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.1075 1.0 - 1e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.8500 0.46800 8.45 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6039 0.71630 24.26 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8500 0.46800 8.45 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.3981 0.87663 68.27 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8500 0.46800 8.45 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.2088 0.94069 152.4 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8552 0.45942 8.17 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8525 0.46800 8.45 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6518 0.72316 25.11 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.5513 0.76637 31.53 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.4525 0.83231 47.69 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.2508 0.95615 209.29 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.1508 1.0 - 3g 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.3275 0.93360 135.1 3g 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.4960 0.86158 59.83 3g 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.7524 0.62608 16.09 3g 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.9106 0.36542 5.53 3g 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
- Symbols: aW - water activity; mfs - mass fraction of solute in the particle, as given by Peng et al. (2001)
and at http://ihome.ust.hk/~keckchan/hygroscopic.html; m - solute molality of the particles (only
those particles that appear to be fully aqueous and which were given a non-zero weight);
np - particle number (suffix e indicates
an evaporation experiment in an atmosphere of decreasing relative humidity, and g particle
growth in an atmosphere of increasing relative humidity); t - experimental temperature (oC);
uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity;
ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
- Source: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501.
- The uncertainty associated with mfs (and so also the molality m) has three sources: the determination
of the dc balancing voltage, solute evaporation, and the standardisation of the particle composition to a single
reference state (either dilute solution or solid particle). Based on the scatter in the listed mfs, an overall
uncertainty of at least ±0.01 in mfs seems likely. The corresponding values for molality can be obtained using
the conversion equation m = (mfs/(1 - mfs)) × (1000/MW) where MW is the molar mass of the acid (104.06 g).
- Further edb measurements by M. Y. Choi and C. K. Chan (J. Phys. Chem. A. 106, 4566-4572, 2002), see their Figure 3, are
consistent with the above data.
nS/nW aW m osm t uncert. ref. weight
- - 0.4994 1.342 25.0 0.34(a) a 0.
- - 1.0099 0.998 25.0 0.17(a) a 1.0
- - 1.4985 0.938 25.0 0.11(a) a 1.0
- - 1.9906 0.965 25.0 0.087(a) a 1.0
- - 1.9767 0.884 25.0 0.087(a) a 1.0
- - 2.9817 0.994 25.0 0.059(a) a 1.0
- - 4.0018 0.977 25.0 0.045(a) a 1.0
- - 5.0059 0.997 25.0 0.036(a) a 1.0
- - 5.9804 1.030 25.0 0.031(a) a 1.0
- - 6.9531 1.039 25.0 0.027(a) a 1.0
- - 7.9842 1.065 25.0 0.024(a) a 1.0
- - 0.4610 1.0590 25.0 0.036(b) b 1.0
- - 0.9920 1.0270 25.0 0.017(b) b 1.0
- - 1.7290 0.9770 25.0 0.010(b) b 1.0
- - 2.5450 0.9381 25.0 0.007(b) b 1.0
- - 2.8200 0.9350 25.0 0.006(b) b 1.0
- - 3.4360 0.9366 25.0 0.005(b) b 1.0
- - 3.9450 0.9374 25.0 0.004(b) b 1.0
- - 4.3870 0.9396 25.0 0.004(b) b 1.0
- - 4.8380 0.9518 25.0 0.004(b) b 1.0
- - 0.5037 0.3311 25.0 0.33(a) c 0.0
- - 1.0642 0.7354 25.0 0.16(a) c 0.0
- - 2.3920 0.8027 25.0 0.072(a) c 0.0
- - 4.0970 0.9106 25.0 0.044(a) c 1.0
- - 6.3693 0.9960 25.0 0.029(a) c 1.0
- - 9.5447 1.1047 25.0 0.021(a) c 1.0
- - 15.22 1.179 25.0 0.015(a) d 1.0
0.28487 0.7084 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.28487 0.7084 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.28487 0.7272 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.28487 0.7208 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.28487 0.7093 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.17641 0.8185 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.11968 0.8813 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.09716 0.9386 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.02204 0.9841 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.01148 0.9816 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.03699 0.9608 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.02180 0.9824 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.02763 0.9639 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.01572 0.9734 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
0.01352 0.9800 - - 25.0 0.009(c) e -
- Symbols: nS/nW - moles of solute per mole of water in the aqueous solution; aW - water activity;
m - molality; osm - molal osmotic coefficient;
t - experimental temperature (oC);
uncert. - probable uncertainty in the data (see additional note further below);
ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
- Sources: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501;
b - M. Davies and D. K. Thomas (1956) J. Phys. Chem. 60, 41-44;
c - M. C. Maffia and A. J. A. Meirelles (2001) J. Chem. Eng. Data 46, 582-587;
d - C. Marcolli, B. P. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224;
e - E. Wise, J. D. Surratt, D. B. Curtis, J. E. Shilling and M. A. Tolbert (2003) J. Geophys. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JD003775, 8 pages;
- The original data of Wise et al. (2003), which are not tabulated in their paper, were obtained directly from the
authors.
- Uncertainties: (a) in the listed osmotic coefficient osm, based upon ±0.003 in the measured water
activity aW; (b) in the listed osmotic coefficient osm, based upon ±0.007 mmHg in the measured pressure
difference; (c) in the measured water activity (average of the 0.5% to 1.35% in RH given by Wise et al., 2003).