Acid Mixtures Data

Acid Mixtures, and Mixtures with Salts

The tables of data are given below in the same order the systems are listed on the main acid mixture page.

(1) Water Activities of Aqueous Malic + Maleic Acid Mixtures (1:1 Mole Ratio)

    aW       mfs         m        osm      np       t      uncert.    ref.   weight    
  0.9950    0.0475     0.1992    0.6984    bulk    22.0     0.003      a       -       
  0.9850    0.1112     0.5000    0.8389    bulk    22.0     0.003      a       -       
  0.9680    0.1989     0.9925    0.9095    bulk    22.0     0.003      a       -       
  0.9510    0.2728     1.4999    0.9297    bulk    22.0     0.003      a       -       
  0.9360    0.3315     1.9825    0.9259    bulk    22.0     0.003      a       -       
  0.3049    0.8297    19.479     1.6923    1e      22.0     0.009      a       -       
  0.3218    0.8227    18.543     1.6970    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3682    0.8201    18.220     1.5218    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3853    0.8121    17.282     1.5316    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4416    0.7932    15.328     1.4800    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4570    0.7890    14.947     1.4540    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4759    0.7767    13.908     1.4819    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4921    0.7721    13.542     1.4534    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5006    0.7657    13.066     1.4697    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5156    0.7547    12.301     1.4946    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5301    0.7472    11.815     1.4908    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5482    0.7305    10.835     1.5397    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5728    0.7178    10.166     1.5213    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5908    0.7109     9.830     1.4859    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6170    0.6928     9.015     1.4865    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6507    0.6868     8.767     1.3606    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6872    0.6669     8.005     1.3005    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7161    0.6498     7.418     1.2493    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7419    0.6284     6.760     1.2256    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7691    0.6149     6.384     1.1416    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7874    0.5978     5.941     1.1163    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7920    0.5940     5.848     1.1067    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.8000    0.5745     5.397     1.1475    1e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.2000    0.8975        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.2193    0.8841        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3007    0.8702        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3486    0.8531        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3942    0.8372        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4264    0.8251        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4552    0.8149        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4834    0.7991        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5186    0.7896        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5556    0.7763        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5753    0.7726        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6072    0.7581        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6324    0.7430        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6604    0.7344        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6701    0.7268        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7156    0.7077        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7292    0.6864        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7457    0.6598        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7696    0.6277        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7971    0.5877        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.8251    0.5736        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.8199    0.5524        -         -      1g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3099    0.8206    18.282     1.7785    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3687    0.7984    15.834     1.7490    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3854    0.7957    15.566     1.7001    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4442    0.7822    14.355     1.5691    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4881    0.7620    12.801     1.5550    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5032    0.7550    12.316     1.5478    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5347    0.7345    11.059     1.5713    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5833    0.7150    10.031     1.4917    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6055    0.7081     9.6979    1.4356    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6294    0.6885     8.8342    1.4546    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6560    0.6797     8.4828    1.3792    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6849    0.6519     7.4848    1.4037    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7161    0.6360     6.9856    1.3266    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7477    0.6204     6.5329    1.2353    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7752    0.5993     5.9778    1.1825    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7861    0.5896     5.7419    1.1631    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7920    0.5787     5.4916    1.1785    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.8000    0.5738     5.3811    1.1509    2e      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.2000    0.8686        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.2689    0.8551        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3417    0.8426        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.3942    0.8137        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4289    0.7900        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.4671    0.7890        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5239    0.7637        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5559    0.7388        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.5902    0.7325        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6357    0.7065        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6644    0.6937        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.6908    0.6774        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -       
  0.7118    0.6627        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       - 
  0.7228    0.6414        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       - 
  0.7452    0.6256        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       - 
  0.7863    0.5892        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       - 
  0.8129    0.5649        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       - 
  0.8214    0.5533        -         -      2g      22.7     0.009      a       -

Notes and References

Symbols: aW - water activity; mfs - total mass fraction of solutes in the particle, as given by Choi and Chan (2002) and at http://ihome.ust.hk/~keckchan/hygroscopic.html; m denotes the molality of each solute (only for those particles that appear to be fully aqueous); osm - stoichiometric osmotic coefficient, equal to -ln(aW)/(0.0180152 × 2 × m); np - particle number ('bulk' indicates bulk solution meaasurements of equilibrium water activity, suffix e indicates an edb evaporation experiment in an atmosphere of decreasing relative humidity, and suffix g particle growth in an atmosphere of increasing relative humidity); t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
Source: a - M. Y. Choi and C. K. Chan (2002) J. Phys. Chem. A. 106, 4566-4572.
The uncertainty associated with mfs for the edb experiments (and so also the molality m) has three sources: the determination of the dc balancing voltage, solute evaporation, and the standardisation of the particle composition to a single reference state (either dilute solution or solid particle). An overall uncertainty of at least ±0.009seems likely. The corresponding values for molality can be obtained using the conversion equation m = (mfs/(1 - mfs)) × (1000/MW) where MW is the sum of the molar masses of the two acids (134.09 + 116.07 g).

(2) Water Activities of Aqueous Malonic + Glutaric acids Mixtures (1:1 Mole Ratio)

   aW         mfs        m        osm      np        t      uncert.  ref.   weight     
  0.9960    0.0450     0.1996    0.5574    bulk     22.0    0.003     a       -                          
  0.9860    0.1056     0.5000    0.7827    bulk     22.0    0.003     a       -                          
  0.9740    0.1909     0.9987    0.7321    bulk     22.0    0.003     a       -                          
  0.9610    0.2602     1.4889    0.7416    bulk     22.0    0.003     a       -                          
  0.9460    0.3216     2.0069    0.7677    bulk     22.0    0.003     a       -                          
  0.9320    0.3714     2.5018    0.7813    bulk     22.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.9190    0.4137     2.9873    0.7848    bulk     22.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3079    0.9123    44.040     0.7424     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3731    0.8943    35.814     0.7640     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4324    0.8492    23.849     0.9757     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4499    0.8338    21.245     1.0434     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4768    0.8177    18.988     1.0826     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5019    0.8082    17.843     1.0723     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5177    0.8065    17.649     1.0353     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5409    0.7853    15.487     1.1013     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5678    0.7784    14.871     1.0563     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5833    0.7702    14.191     1.0544     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5983    0.7577    13.238     1.0769     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6196    0.7447    12.350     1.0757     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6413    0.7319    11.561     1.0666     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6664    0.7118    10.460     1.0769     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6897    0.7031    10.027     1.0284     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7214    0.6812     9.0492    1.0018     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -    
  0.7458    0.6556     8.0591    1.0103     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7713    0.6420     7.5939    0.9491     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7846    0.6249     7.0537    0.9544     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7915    0.6237     7.0188    0.9246     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7938    0.6173     6.8309    0.9383     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8000    0.6042     6.4631    0.9582     1e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.2000    0.9194        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.2751    0.8909        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3452    0.8832        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3903    0.8709        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4340    0.8542        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4694    0.8406        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5158    0.8204        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5452    0.8092        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5622    0.7971        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5828    0.7880        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6141    0.7586        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6512    0.7475        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6711    0.7280        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7453    0.6710        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7909    0.6161        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8227    0.5938        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8253    0.5812        -         -       1g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3054    0.9258    52.823     0.6233     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3164    0.9158    46.055     0.6934     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3369    0.9032    39.498     0.7646     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3721    0.8878    33.488     0.8193     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4046    0.8628    26.629     0.9431     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4411    0.8586    25.713     0.8835     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4765    0.8338    21.244     0.9685     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5035    0.8178    19.005     1.0021     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5366    0.7960    16.524     1.0456     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5638    0.7811    15.110     1.0525     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5860    0.7601    13.413     1.1058     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6119    0.7345    11.716     1.1635     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6294    0.7169    10.722     1.1985     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6488    0.6969     9.7356    1.2333     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6759    0.6783     8.9266    1.2177     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7000    0.6630     8.3314    1.1881     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7264    0.6511     7.9011    1.1229     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7477    0.6346     7.3523    1.0976     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7752    0.6211     6.9410    1.0184     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8000    0.6089     6.5917    0.9395     2e      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.2000    0.9126        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.2570    0.8775        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.3486    0.8603        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4215    0.8420        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.4552    0.8222        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5042    0.8052        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5307    0.7928        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5527    0.7772        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.5874    0.7677        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6141    0.7535        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6468    0.7346        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.6752    0.7149        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7121    0.6959        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7273    0.6931        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7430    0.6777        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7625    0.6467        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.7747    0.6386        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8026    0.6218        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -                          
  0.8235    0.5808        -         -       2g      23.0    0.009     a       -

Notes and References

Symbols: aW - water activity; mfs - total mass fraction of solutes in the particle, as given by Choi and Chan (2002) and at http://ihome.ust.hk/~keckchan/hygroscopic.html; m denotes the molality of each solute (only for those particles that appear to be fully aqueous); osm - stoichiometric osmotic coefficient, equal to -ln(aW)/(0.0180152 × 2 × m); np - particle number ('bulk' indicates bulk solution meaasurements of equilibrium water activity, suffix e indicates an edb evaporation experiment in an atmosphere of decreasing relative humidity, and suffix g particle growth in an atmosphere of increasing relative humidity); t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
Source: a - M. Y. Choi and C. K. Chan (2002) J. Phys. Chem. A. 106, 4566-4572.
The uncertainty associated with mfs for the edb experiments (and so also the molality m) has three sources: the determination of the dc balancing voltage, solute evaporation, and the standardisation of the particle composition to a single reference state (either dilute solution or solid particle). An overall uncertainty of at least ±0.01 seems likely. The corresponding values for molality can be obtained using the conversion equation m = (mfs/(1 - mfs)) × (1000/MW) where MW is the sum of the molar masses of the two acids (104.06 + 132.11 g).

(3) Compositions and Water Activities of Saturated Solutions of Pure Substances, and Eutonic Mixtures, at 298.15 K

 Acid or Salt      Pure   aW(1)    M2      M3      M4      M5    M5+NH4NO3  M5(NH4)2SO4  M5+NaCl  ref. 
  Oxalic           1.248  0.978     -       -       -       -        -           -           -      a      
  Succinic         0.657  0.991     -       -       -       -        -           -           -      a      
  Adipic           0.15   0.999     -       -       -       -        -           -           -      a      
  Malic           10.05   0.805    7.3     7.3     7.0     6.8      9.1         7.8         7.1     a      
  Malonic         15.21   0.724   13.5    13.1    14.6    14.8     23.8        21.1        15.2     a      
  Maleic           6.76   0.891     -      4.4     5.3     5.3      6.6         8.7         5.3     a      
  Glutaric        10.82   0.882     -       -     12.4    12.4     11.0         9.5        10.7     a      
  Methylsuccinic   4.18   0.955     -       -      5.5     5.5      4.4         4.0         4.3     a      
  NH4NO3          26.00   0.621     -       -       -       -      36.0          -           -      a    
  (NH4)2SO4        5.76   0.802     -       -       -       -        -          8.3          -      a   
  NaCl             6.14   0.753     -       -       -       -        -           -          3.6     a      
                                                                                                    a      
  aW(2)                           0.618   0.564   0.488    0.454   0.271       0.364       0.413    a

Notes and References

Pure - molality of each pure aqueous acid or salt in a saturated solution; M2 - molalities in a eutonic mixture of malic and malonic acids; M3 - molalities in a eutonic mixture of malic, malonic and maleic acids; M4 - molalities in a eutonic mixture of malic, malonic, maleic and glutaric acids; M5 - molalities in a eutonic mixture of all five acids; M5 + salt - molalities in a eutonic mixture of M5 plus each of the three salts; aW - the measured equilibrium water activity above (1) pure aqueous solutions, (2) the mixtures; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo, and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
Uncertainties: ±0.003 in aW for all mixtures except those containing NaCl and NH4NO3, for which the uncertainty is ±0.015.
A eutonic solution is one that is simultaneously saturated with respect to all dissolved solutes.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for details of how these data were used, and comparisons with other measurements and with model calculations.

(4) Water Activities of Mixture M5

 mMalic  mMalonic  mMaleic  mGlutaric  mMethyl-   aW      t      uncert.  ref.
                                       Succinic                 
  4.97     10.90    3.88      9.08       4.01    0.550   25.0    0.003     a                   
  3.51     7.71     2.74      6.43       2.84    0.650   25.0    0.003     a                   
  2.64     5.80     2.06      4.83       2.14    0.727   25.0    0.003     a                   
  1.95     4.27     1.52      3.56       1.57    0.800   25.0    0.003     a                   
  1.46     3.22     1.14      2.68       1.18    0.851   25.0    0.003     a                   
  1.11     2.43     0.86      2.02       0.89    0.893   25.0    0.003     a                   
  0.80     1.75     0.62      1.46       0.64    0.927   25.0    0.003     a                   
  0.51     1.12     0.40      0.93       0.41    0.956   25.0    0.003     a                   
  0.22     0.48     0.17      0.40       0.18    0.984   25.0    0.003     a

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for comparisons with model calculations.

(5) Water Activities of Mixture M5, Saturated With Respect to Oxalic Acid

  mMalic  mMalonic  mMaleic  mGlutaric  mMethyl-   mOxalic   aW      t    uncert.  ref.  weight
                                        Succinic                         
  6.8*    14.8*      5.3*     12.3*       5.4*      1.05    0.438   25.0   0.015    a      -
  2.14     4.66      1.66      3.87       1.70      1.00    0.748   25.0   0.015    a      -
  1.16     2.53      0.90      2.10       0.92      1.14    0.853   25.0   0.015    a      -

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values; * - the solution was also saturated with respect to the indicated acid; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.

(6) Water Activities of Mixture M5, Saturated With Respect to Succinic Acid

  mMalic  mMalonic  mMaleic  mGlutaric  mMethyl-   mSuccinic   aW      t    uncert.  ref.  weight
                                        Succinic                           
  6.8*    14.9*      5.3*     12.4*       5.5*       0.58     0.448   25.0   0.015    a      -
  2.07     4.53      1.61      3.77       1.67       0.74     0.773   25.0   0.015    a      -
  1.06     2.31      0.82      1.92       0.85       0.79     0.883   25.0   0.015    a      -

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data; * - the solution was also saturated with respect to the indicated acid; ref. source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.

(7a) Water Activities of Mixture M5 + (NH4)2SO4

  mMalic  mMalonic  mMaleic  mGlutaric  mMethyl-   m(NH4)2SO4   aW      t    uncert.  ref.
                                        Succinic                             
  4.15     11.20     4.62      5.06       2.13        6.07     0.527   25.0   0.003    a    
  2.59     6.99      2.88      3.16       1.33        3.79     0.661   25.0   0.003    a    
  1.88     5.08      2.09      2.29       0.96        2.75     0.74    25.0   0.003    a    
  1.48     3.99      1.65      1.80       0.76        2.16     0.791   25.0   0.003    a    
  1.22     3.29      1.36      1.48       0.62        1.78     0.827   25.0   0.003    a    
  1.03     2.79      1.15      1.26       0.53        1.51     0.852   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.77     2.07      0.85      0.93       0.39        1.12     0.889   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.81     2.18      0.90      0.98       0.41        4.72     0.772   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.69     1.85      0.76      0.84       0.35        4.02     0.804   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.54     1.45      0.60      0.66       0.28        3.15     0.845   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.43     1.16      0.48      0.52       0.22        2.52     0.877   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.29     0.79      0.32      0.35       0.15        1.70     0.917   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.15     0.41      0.17      0.18       0.08        0.89     0.960   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.06     0.15      0.06      0.07       0.03        0.33     0.992   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.21     0.58      0.24      0.26       0.11        5.05     0.804   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.18     0.50      0.21      0.23       0.10        4.32     0.833   25.0   0.003    a    
  0.16     0.43      0.18      0.20       0.08        3.78     0.857   25.0   0.003    a

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for details of how these data were used, and comparisons with model calculations.

(7b) Water Activities of Mixture M5, Saturated With Respect to (NH4)2SO4(s)

  mMalic mMalonic mMaleic mGlutaric mMethyl-  m(NH4)2SO4  aW     t   uncert.  ref.
                                    Succinic  
  5.48    14.86    6.24     6.80      2.86       8.1     0.451  25.0  0.003    a 
  2.76    7.48     3.15     3.43      1.44       7.0     0.594  25.0  0.003    a 
  1.54    4.15     1.71     1.87      0.79       6.0     0.688  25.0  0.003    a 
  0.95    2.57     1.08     1.17      0.49       5.6     0.733  25.0  0.003    a 
  0.61    1.65     0.69     0.76      0.32       5.41    0.761  25.0  0.003    a 
  0.39    1.06     0.45     0.49      0.20       5.40    0.773  25.0  0.003    a 
  0.24    0.64     0.27     0.30      0.12       5.62    0.783  25.0  0.003    a 
  0.11    0.29     0.12     0.13      0.06       5.66    0.793  25.0  0.003    a

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for details of how these data were used, and comparisons with model calculations.

(8) Water Activities of Mixture M5, Saturated With Respect to NaCl(s)

  mMalic mMalonic mMaleic mGlutaric mMethyl-  mNaCl   aW     t   uncert.  ref.
                                    Succinic  
  5.13    10.84    3.78     7.62      3.07    4.0    0.490  25.0  0.015    a 
  3.24    7.05     2.42     4.89      1.99    4.5    0.570  25.0  0.015    a 
  1.58    3.43     1.18     2.38      0.96    4.9    0.672  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.97    2.11     0.72     1.46      0.60    5.2    0.717  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.66    1.4      0.49     0.98      0.40    5.4    0.733  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.46    0.97     0.34     0.68      0.27    5.6    0.738  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.31    0.66     0.23     0.46      0.19    5.7    0.744  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.20    0.44     0.15     0.31      0.12    5.9    0.753  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.12    0.26     0.09     0.18      0.07    5.95   0.757  25.0  0.015    a 
  0.05    0.12     0.04     0.08      0.03    6.04   0.756  25.0  0.015    a

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for details of how these data were used, and comparisons with model calculations.

(9) Water Activities of Mixture M5, Saturated With Respect to NH4NO3(s)

  mMalic  mMalonic  mMaleic  mGlutaric  mMethyl-   mNH4NO3   aW     t     uncert.  ref.
                                        Succinic 
  4.87     12.73     3.57      5.88       2.35      29.0    0.374   25.0   0.015    a 
  3.02      7.89     2.21      3.65       1.46      27.0    0.456   25.0   0.015    a 
  1.94      5.08     1.42      2.34       0.94      26.0    0.507   25.0   0.015    a 
  1.24      3.25     0.91      1.5        0.60      25.9    0.542   25.0   0.015    a 
  0.71      1.87     0.52      0.86       0.34      25.4    0.570   25.0   0.015    a 
  0.32      0.84     0.23      0.38       0.15      25.6    0.599   25.0   0.015    a

Notes and References

Prefix m denotes molality; aW - the measured water activity of the mixture; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - uncertainty in the water activity measurement; ref. - source of data.
Source: a - C. Marcolli, B. Luo and Th. Peter (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2216-2224.
See Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a) for details of how these data were used, and comparisons with model calculations.