Succinic Acid Data
The tables of data for the pure aqueous acid are given below.
aW mfs(orig.) mfs m np t uncert. ref. weight
0.8500 0.54508 0.60508 12.9745 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.7851 0.65559 0.71559 21.3062 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.7290 0.71124 0.77124 28.5494 1e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6313 0.98441 - - 1e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.2872 0.98481 - - 1e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.0291 1.0 - - 1e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.0291 1.0 - - 1g 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.4369 0.98808 - - 1g 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.8552 0.98457 - - 1g 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.9350 0.98197 - - 1g 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.9031 0.38422 0.44422 6.7683 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6980 0.70889 0.76889 28.1730 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.9031 0.38422 0.44422 6.7683 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8046 0.56306 0.62306 13.9973 2e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.0460 1.0 - - 2e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.9362 0.96611 - - 2c 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.8922 0.44602 0.50602 8.6745 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8500 0.51558 0.57558 11.4841 3e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.0510 1.0 - - 3e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.8978 0.42270 0.48270 7.9017 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8397 0.51460 0.57460 11.4381 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.7519 0.65647 0.71647 21.3986 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8978 0.42270 0.48270 7.9017 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6892 0.69031 0.75031 25.4464 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.6194 0.77535 0.83535 42.9629 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.8978 0.42274 0.48274 7.9030 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.5926 0.77316 0.83316 42.2878 4e 25.0 0.01 a 1.0
0.5524 1.0 - - 4e 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.0460 1.0 - - 4c 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
0.9476 0.99533 - - 4c 25.0 0.01 a 0.0
- Symbols: aW - water activity; mfs(orig.) - mass fraction of solute in the particle, as given by Peng et al. (2001)
and at http://ihome.ust.hk/~keckchan/hygroscopic.html;
mfs - mass fraction of solute, adjusted by adding +0.06 to mfs(orig.) for all fully
aqueous particles, and used by Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a,b); m - solute molality in the particle (only
for those particles that appear to be fully aqueous and contain no solid); np - particle number (suffix e indicates
an evaporation experiment in an atmosphere of decreasing relative humidity, and g particle
growth in an atmosphere of increasing relative humidity); t - experimental temperature (oC);
uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity;
ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
- Source: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501.
- Uncertainties: the adjustment to the mass fraction of solute applied above is probably uncertain to
±0.03 or so, which will be reflected in calculated molalities and osmotic coefficients. The molality m
is related to mfs by: m = (mfs/(1 - mfs)) × 1000/MW, where MW is the molar mass of the solute (118.09 g).
- Electrodynamic balance measurements have also been carried out by H.-S. Na, S. Arnold and A. Myerson
(J. Crystal Growth 149, 229-235, 1995), and by R. Mohan and A. Myerson
(J. Crystal Growth 206, 99-108, 1999) who give the following equation: aW = 0.99766 - 0.0357778m
+ 1.74E-3m2 - 5.28E-5m3 + 7.75E-7m4 - 4.20E-9m5,
valid to about 60 mol kg-1. The earlier results of Na et al. appear to be in error.
nS/nW aW m osm t uncert. ref. weight
- - 0.0959 1.7388 25.0 1.74(a) a 0.0
- - 0.3017 1.4779 25.0 0.56(a) a 0.0
- - 0.5081 1.2085 25.0 0.33(a) a 0.0
- - 0.6826 1.1464 25.0 0.25(a) a 0.0
- - 0.3989 0.9814 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.4438 0.9701 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.5111 0.9553 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.5470 0.9482 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.5555 0.9513 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.6023 0.9384 25.0 0.01(b) b 10.0
- - 0.3990 0.9755 25.0 0.041(c) c 10.0
- - 0.4440 0.9297 25.0 0.037(c) c 10.0
- - 0.5110 0.9000 25.0 0.032(c) c 10.0
- - 0.5470 0.8838 25.0 0.030(c) c 10.0
- - 0.5555 0.8703 25.0 0.030(c) c 10.0
- - 0.6020 0.9206 25.0 0.027(c) c 10.0
- - 0.1281 2.1723 25.0 1.30(a) d 0.0
- - 0.2162 1.5448 25.0 0.78(a) d 0.0
- - 0.3071 1.2696 25.0 0.55(a) d 0.0
- - 0.4009 1.1122 25.0 0.42(a) d 0.0
- - 0.4891 1.0261 25.0 0.34(a) d 0.0
- - 0.1045 0.4315 25.0 0.13(d) e 0.0
- - 0.2033 0.7329 25.0 0.12(d) e 0.0
- - 0.2971 0.8451 25.0 0.10(d) e 0.0
- - 0.4036 0.9222 25.0 0.091(d) e 1.0
- - 0.4877 0.9046 25.0 0.079(d) e 1.0
- - 0.6118 0.9153 25.0 0.062(d) e 1.0
- - 0.6688 0.9050 25.0 0.055(d) e 1.0
- - 1.1767 0.9024 100.0 - f -
- - 2.7747 0.9184 100.0 - f -
- - 3.9978 0.9156 100.0 - f -
- - 4.6791 0.9013 100.0 - f -
- - 8.1817 0.9182 100.0 - f -
0.014537 0.9788 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.014537 0.9753 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.014537 0.9749 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.011310 0.9773 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.006563 0.9846 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.004874 0.9947 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.003148 0.9878 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.004060 0.9858 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
0.004950 0.9887 - - 25.0 0.009(e) g -
- Symbols: nS/nW - moles of solute per mole of water in the aqueous solution; aW - water activity;
m - molality; osm - molal osmotic coefficient;
t - experimental temperature (oC);
uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity;
ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
- Sources: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501;
b - R. A. Robinson, P. K. Smith and E. R. B. Smith (1942) Trans. Faraday Soc. 38, 63-70;
c - M. Davies and D. K. Thomas (1956) J. Phys. Chem. 60, 41-44;
d - M. C. Maffia and A. J. A. Meirelles (2001) J. Chem. Eng. Data 46, 582-587;
e - M. J. Carlo (1971) Thermodynamic quantities of some biochemically important organic acids in aqueous solutions at
25 oC, Ph.D Thesis, Texas A&M University;
f - Tamman, listed in the compilation: J. Timmermans (1960) The Physico-chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions; Interscience: New York, Vol. 4;
g - E. Wise, J. D. Surratt, D. B. Curtis, J. E. Shilling and M. A. Tolbert (2003) J. Geophys. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JD003775, 8 pages.
- Uncertainties: (a) in the osmotic coefficient osm,
based upon ±0.003 in the measured water activity aW;
(b) in the osmotic coefficient osm;
(c) in the osmotic coefficient osm, based upon ±0.007 mmHg in the measured pressure
difference;
(d) comparisons with other data for malic and citric acids suggest that
osmotic coefficients below about 1 mol kg-1 (determined by vapour pressure osmometry) are too low by an amount that varies
with molality, and the assumed uncertainty is set equal to this difference; (f) in the measured water activity (average of the 0.5% to 1.35% in
RH given by Wise et al., 2003).
- The original data of Wise et al. (2003), which are not tabulated in their paper, were obtained directly from the
authors.