Succinic Acid Data

The tables of data for the pure aqueous acid are given below.

(1a) Water Activities from Electrodynamic Balance Measurements

    aW      mfs(orig.)   mfs        m       np   t    uncert. ref.   weight
  0.8500     0.54508    0.60508   12.9745   1e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.7851     0.65559    0.71559   21.3062   1e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.7290     0.71124    0.77124   28.5494   1e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.6313     0.98441      -          -      1e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.2872     0.98481      -          -      1e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.0291     1.0          -          -      1e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.0291     1.0          -          -      1g  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.4369     0.98808      -          -      1g  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.8552     0.98457      -          -      1g  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.9350     0.98197      -          -      1g  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.9031     0.38422    0.44422    6.7683   2e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.6980     0.70889    0.76889   28.1730   2e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.9031     0.38422    0.44422    6.7683   2e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.8046     0.56306    0.62306   13.9973   2e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.0460     1.0          -          -      2e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.9362     0.96611      -          -      2c  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.8922     0.44602    0.50602    8.6745   3e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.8500     0.51558    0.57558   11.4841   3e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.0510     1.0          -          -      3e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.8978     0.42270    0.48270    7.9017   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.8397     0.51460    0.57460   11.4381   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.7519     0.65647    0.71647   21.3986   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.8978     0.42270    0.48270    7.9017   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.6892     0.69031    0.75031   25.4464   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.6194     0.77535    0.83535   42.9629   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.8978     0.42274    0.48274    7.9030   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.5926     0.77316    0.83316   42.2878   4e  25.0   0.01    a       1.0 
  0.5524     1.0          -          -      4e  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.0460     1.0          -          -      4c  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 
  0.9476     0.99533      -          -      4c  25.0   0.01    a       0.0 

• Symbols: aW - water activity; mfs(orig.) - mass fraction of solute in the particle, as given by Peng et al. (2001) and at http://ihome.ust.hk/~keckchan/hygroscopic.html; mfs - mass fraction of solute, adjusted by adding +0.06 to mfs(orig.) for all fully aqueous particles, and used by Clegg and Seinfeld (2006a,b); m - solute molality in the particle (only for those particles that appear to be fully aqueous and contain no solid); np - particle number (suffix e indicates an evaporation experiment in an atmosphere of decreasing relative humidity, and g particle growth in an atmosphere of increasing relative humidity); t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
• Source: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501.
• Uncertainties: the adjustment to the mass fraction of solute applied above is probably uncertain to ±0.03 or so, which will be reflected in calculated molalities and osmotic coefficients. The molality m is related to mfs by: m = (mfs/(1 - mfs)) × 1000/MW, where MW is the molar mass of the solute (118.09 g).
• Electrodynamic balance measurements have also been carried out by H.-S. Na, S. Arnold and A. Myerson (J. Crystal Growth 149, 229-235, 1995), and by R. Mohan and A. Myerson (J. Crystal Growth 206, 99-108, 1999) who give the following equation: aW = 0.99766 - 0.0357778m + 1.74E-3m² - 5.28E-5m³ + 7.75E-7m⁴ - 4.20E-9m⁵, valid to about 60 mol kg^-1. The earlier results of Na et al. appear to be in error.

(1b) Osmotic Coefficients and Water Activities from Bulk Solution Measurements

   nS/nW      aW        m       osm        t    uncert.   ref.  weight   
     -         -     0.0959    1.7388    25.0   1.74(a)    a      0.0 
     -         -     0.3017    1.4779    25.0   0.56(a)    a      0.0 
     -         -     0.5081    1.2085    25.0   0.33(a)    a      0.0 
     -         -     0.6826    1.1464    25.0   0.25(a)    a      0.0 
     -         -     0.3989    0.9814    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.4438    0.9701    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.5111    0.9553    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.5470    0.9482    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.5555    0.9513    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.6023    0.9384    25.0   0.01(b)    b     10.0 
     -         -     0.3990    0.9755    25.0   0.041(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.4440    0.9297    25.0   0.037(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.5110    0.9000    25.0   0.032(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.5470    0.8838    25.0   0.030(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.5555    0.8703    25.0   0.030(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.6020    0.9206    25.0   0.027(c)   c     10.0 
     -         -     0.1281    2.1723    25.0   1.30(a)    d      0.0 
     -         -     0.2162    1.5448    25.0   0.78(a)    d      0.0 
     -         -     0.3071    1.2696    25.0   0.55(a)    d      0.0 
     -         -     0.4009    1.1122    25.0   0.42(a)    d      0.0 
     -         -     0.4891    1.0261    25.0   0.34(a)    d      0.0 
     -         -     0.1045    0.4315    25.0   0.13(d)    e      0.0 
     -         -     0.2033    0.7329    25.0   0.12(d)    e      0.0 
     -         -     0.2971    0.8451    25.0   0.10(d)    e      0.0 
     -         -     0.4036    0.9222    25.0   0.091(d)   e      1.0 
     -         -     0.4877    0.9046    25.0   0.079(d)   e      1.0 
     -         -     0.6118    0.9153    25.0   0.062(d)   e      1.0 
     -         -     0.6688    0.9050    25.0   0.055(d)   e      1.0 
     -         -     1.1767    0.9024   100.0    -         f       -  
     -         -     2.7747    0.9184   100.0    -         f       -  
     -         -     3.9978    0.9156   100.0    -         f       -  
     -         -     4.6791    0.9013   100.0    -         f       -  
     -         -     8.1817    0.9182   100.0    -         f       -  
  0.014537  0.9788     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.014537  0.9753     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.014537  0.9749     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.011310  0.9773     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.006563  0.9846     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.004874  0.9947     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.003148  0.9878     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.004060  0.9858     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  
  0.004950  0.9887     -         -       25.0   0.009(e)   g       -  

• Symbols: nS/nW - moles of solute per mole of water in the aqueous solution; aW - water activity; m - molality; osm - molal osmotic coefficient; t - experimental temperature (^oC); uncert. - probable uncertainty in the water activity; ref. - source of data; weight - the weight assigned in the fit of the model to determine parameter values.
• Sources: a - C. Peng, M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4495-4501; b - R. A. Robinson, P. K. Smith and E. R. B. Smith (1942) Trans. Faraday Soc. 38, 63-70; c - M. Davies and D. K. Thomas (1956) J. Phys. Chem. 60, 41-44; d - M. C. Maffia and A. J. A. Meirelles (2001) J. Chem. Eng. Data 46, 582-587; e - M. J. Carlo (1971) Thermodynamic quantities of some biochemically important organic acids in aqueous solutions at 25 ^oC, Ph.D Thesis, Texas A&M University; f - Tamman, listed in the compilation: J. Timmermans (1960) The Physico-chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions; Interscience: New York, Vol. 4; g - E. Wise, J. D. Surratt, D. B. Curtis, J. E. Shilling and M. A. Tolbert (2003) J. Geophys. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JD003775, 8 pages.
• Uncertainties: (a) in the osmotic coefficient osm, based upon ±0.003 in the measured water activity aW; (b) in the osmotic coefficient osm; (c) in the osmotic coefficient osm, based upon ±0.007 mmHg in the measured pressure difference; (d) comparisons with other data for malic and citric acids suggest that osmotic coefficients below about 1 mol kg^-1 (determined by vapour pressure osmometry) are too low by an amount that varies with molality, and the assumed uncertainty is set equal to this difference; (f) in the measured water activity (average of the 0.5% to 1.35% in RH given by Wise et al., 2003).
• The original data of Wise et al. (2003), which are not tabulated in their paper, were obtained directly from the authors.